Birthday: April 15, 1960.
Place of birth: Syzran, Kuibyshev region.
Honorary citizen of the city of Syzran.
Since 1986, for five years he worked as an engineer in Design Bureau of General Mechanical Engineering in Moscow and on Baikonur.
In the early 1990s, he was the director of the Production and Technical Department of Transvostok LLC.
In January 1993, he was appointed General Director of "ESTE" LLP.
From April 1995 until his enlistment in the cosmonaut squadron, he worked as an engineer of the second category of the Energia rocket and space complex in the cosmonaut training department for extravehicular activity.
In early 1997, he underwent a medical examination at the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems and received admission to special training.
On February 24, 1998, he was selected for the cosmonaut squad of RSC Energia. A month later, he was appointed to the position of candidate for test cosmonauts of the cosmonaut detachment of the Rocket and Space Complex "Energia".
From March 16, 1998 to November 25, 1999, he underwent general space training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.
In early December 1999, he was awarded the qualification of "test cosmonaut".
In February 2000, he was appointed a test cosmonaut of the RSC Energia cosmonaut detachment.
Since February 7, 2000, he has been training as part of a group of cosmonauts under the International Space Station program.
In August 2001, he was approved as a flight engineer for the ISS-8D backup crew. In the same month , he began training as part of the crew together with Leroy Chiao and By John Phillips.
In March 2002, John Phillips was replaced by Charles Kamarda. After the Columbia disaster, training was discontinued, and the crew was disbanded.
In February 2003, he was transferred to general training under the ISS program.
At the end of July 2005, he was included in the mixed group of cosmonauts, designated "ISS-15/16/17", from which the crews of the 15th, 16th and 17th expeditions to the International Space Station were formed.
In mid-August 2005, he began training as part of this group at the Cosmonaut Training Center.
From January 23 to January 25, 2006, as part of a conditional crew, together with Roman Romanenko and Garrett Reisman, he participated in a two-day exam on the ability to survive in a deserted area in the event of an emergency landing of the device. The exam was held in a forest near Moscow.
In August 2007, he climbed the highest point in Africa: Kilimanjaro volcano.
In mid – March 2010 at the Cosmonaut Training Center together with Alexander Skvortsov and Tracy Caldwell-Dyson passed the preflight exams with an excellent grade.
On April 1, 2010, he was approved as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TMA-18 spacecraft and the 23/24th main expeditions of the International Space Station.
He made his first space flight from April 2 to September 25, 2010 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TMA-18 spacecraft. Started together with Alexander Skvortsov and Tracey Caldwell-Dyson. The duration of the flight was 176 days, 1 hour, 18 minutes, 38 seconds. During the flight, he made one spacewalk.
On April 12, 2011, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 433, for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the International Space Station, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a special distinction — the Gold Star Medal.
In early March 2015, he began undergoing comprehensive training as a flight engineer of the main crew of the ship together with the commander of the ship Gennady Padalka and flight engineer Scott Kelly. Later, an examination training session took place on the Russian segment of the ISS. Soon the crew passed the test training on the Soyuz TMA-M simulator.
The second space flight was performed from March 27, 2015 to March 2, 2016 as a flight engineer-1 of the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft together with Gennady Padalka and By Scott Kelly. During the flight, he made one spacewalk lasting 5 hours and 34 minutes.
The total duration of the two space flights was 516 days 10 hours 00 minutes. The time spent in outer space is 12 hours and 16 minutes.
In early March 2016, he took part in the first and second stages of the Constellation experiment, which was conducted to study human capabilities during deep space flights and work on the surface of Mars and the Moon.
On December 1, 2017, at his own request, he transferred from the position of a test cosmonaut instructor of the first class to the position of a leading specialist of the cosmonaut detachment of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.